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Environmental
Monitoring
The mitigation measures
suggested in the preceding sections require environmental
monitoring to check the effectiveness of the measures adhered. In
the present project, monitoring of environmental components
especially marine water, sediment, marine ecology is vital owing
to the sensitiveness of the project region. Keeping in view the
ecological sensitivity of the region, a 3 level monitoring has
been suggested to mitigate the impacts during the implementation
phase of SSCP. The
details of the monitoring levels are as follows:
|
Monitoring Level
|
Description
|
Suggested Agency
|
|
First Level
|
Continuous monitoring of Marine Environment during the
dredging operations of the implementation period, the
frequency of sampling will be on a 4 hourly basis. This
level of monitoring will be for the Dredging Zones &
Disposal locations( Palk Bay & North of Adams Bridge Area)
|
-
SDMRT
-
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin
-
CECRI
-
Alagappa Institute of Technology, Karaikudi
-
Centre for Advanced studies in Marine Biology,
Parangipettai
|
|
Second Level
|
This will be confined to the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere
Region and will be on a continuous basis during the
operations. The frequency of sampling will be on 8 hourly
basis.
|
-
SDMRT
-
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin
-
CECRI
-
Alagappa Institute of Tchnology, karaikudi
-
Centre for Advanced Studies in marine Biology,
Parangipettai
|
|
Third Level
|
This will be confined to the nearest GoM Island (to North
of Adams
Bridge). The frequency of sampling will be once in a day
during dredging operations at North of Adam’s Bridge.
|
-
SDMRT
-
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin
-
CECRI
-
Alagappa Institute of Technology, Karaikudi
-
Centre for Advanced Studies in Marine Biology,
Parangipettai
|
The mitigation measures
suggested in the preceding sections require environmental
monitoring to check the effectiveness of the measures adhered. In
the present project, monitoring of environmental components
especially marine water, sediment, marine ecology is vital owing
to the sensitiveness of the project region. Keeping in view the
ecological sensitivity of the region, a 3 level monitoring has
been suggested to mitigate the impacts during the implementation
phase of SSCP. The
details of the monitoring levels are as follows:
Apart from this ambient air quality and noise need to be
monitored to check the build-up of the respective levels in
Terrestrial Environment during the development of land based
facilities.
The environmental attributes
to be monitored during the implementation and operation phase of
SSCP, specific description along with the technical details of the
environmental monitoring including the monitoring parameters,
methodology, sampling locations and frequency of monitoring are
presented in Appendix 12.2.
Top
Monitoring program for the Implementation Phase
Marine Water Quality
|
1.
|
Objective of Monitoring |
The objective of marine water quality monitoring is to lit
out the changes in the water quality during the Capital
Dredging and it associated operation. The data generated
will be used in planning the activities. |
|
2.
|
Parameters to be monitored |
Physical Properties: pH,EC, Salinity, Temperature,
Turbidity, TSS
Chemical Properties: DO, BOD, COD, Oil & Grease,
Nutrients, Sulphates, Chlorides
Heavy Metals: Fe,Zn,Mg,Mn,Cd,Cr,Hg
Bacteriological parameters: Coliform count
Marine Biology: Phytoplankton and Zooplankton |
|
3.
|
Sampling Methodology
|
Marine Water should be collected using a bottom sampler (Nishkin
Sampler). On-site test such as pH, DO, Temp., EC, Turbidity
should be carried out immediately after the sample intended
for chemical, heavy metal and bacteriological analyses
should be suitably preserved with necessary reagents. The
plankton samples should be collected using plankton net of
diameter of 0.35 m, No.25 mesh size 63 µ. The plankton net should be
towed for 15 minute at the sampling locations for collection
of samples for estimation of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton. |
|
4.
|
Location / Frequency of Measurements
|
First Level
6 Locations covering the Dredging Zones & Disposal Locations
(Palk Bay, North of Adams Bridge & GoM). The Monitoring will be on
continuous with a sampling interval of 4 hours. The
monitoring will span over the entire implementation period
of 36 months.
|
|
Second
Level
4 Locations in Gulf of Mannar Biosphere. The Monitoring
will be on continuous with a sampling interval of 8 hours.
The monitoring will span over the entire implementation
period of 36 months.
|
|
Third
Level
2 Locations around the nearest GoM Island. The
monitoring will be on continuous with a sampling frequency
of 1 sample/day. The monitoring will span over the entire
implementation period of 36 months.
|
|
5.
|
Compliance
|
The tested should be compared
with the primary water quality standards framed by Central
Pollution Control Board and also with other relevant
guidelines to access the compliance during the entire phase
of the construction activities.
|
Top
Sedimentation Quality Monitoring
| 1. |
Objective of Monitoring |
The objective of sediment quality monitoring is to access
the change in the sediment quality during capital dredging
and use the result in planning the respective operations.. |
| 2. |
Parameters to be monitored |
Physical Properties: pH, Organic Matter, Nutrients,
Oil and Grease.
Heavy Metals: Fe, Mn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Hg, Zn and Pb
Benthic Communities: Macro & Micro Benthic Flora and
Fauna |
| 3. |
Sampling Methodology |
Marine sediment should be collected using a Peterson's Grab
Sampler. The collected sediment should be segregated on the
site for analysis of physico-chemical parameters, heavy
metals and benthic communities. The sediment sample for
benthic communities should be subjected to sieving to record
the macro benthos and then the samples should be preserved
with Rose Bengal and Formalin Solution for further analysis
of Benthic communities.
|
| 4. |
Location / Frequency of
Measurements
|
First Level
6 Locations covering the Dredging Zones & Disposal Locations
(Palk Bay, North of Adams Bridge & GoM). The Monitoring will be on
continuous with a sampling interval of 4 hours. The
monitoring will span over the entire implementation period
of 36 months.
|
|
Second
Level
4 Locations in Gulf of Mannar Biosphere. The Monitoring
will be on continuous with a sampling interval of 8 hours.
The monitoring will span over the entire implementation
period of 36 months.
|
|
Third
Level
2 Locations around the nearest GoM Island. The
monitoring will be on continuous with a sampling frequency
of 1 sample/day. The monitoring will span over the entire
implementation period of 36 months.
|
| 5. |
Compliance |
At present, there are no
standards for sediment quality in India. However, there
should not be marked variations in the sediment quality
during the entire construction phase.
|
Top
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
| 1. |
Objective |
The ambient air quality monitoring should be carried out
with an objective to plan the activities involved in the
implementation phase in line with the ambient air quality
status with an aim to protect the adjoining communities from
air pollution. |
| 2. |
Parameters to be monitored |
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Hydrocarbons (HC) |
| 3. |
Sampling Methodology
|
The air quality monitoring should be conducted using
Respirable Dust Sampler. CO will be collected by Peroxide
tube method or by portable CO meter. HC should be collected
in Mylar Bags
|
| 4. |
No. of Locations
|
Two Locations
- Along the NH 49 from Rameswaram to Dhanuskodi
- Rameswaram / Point Calimere
|
| 5. |
Frequency of Measurements
|
Once in a month for two days
|
| 6. |
Compliance
|
The monitoring result should be
compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
|
Top
Noise Level Monitoring
| 1. |
Objective |
The objective of Noise level monitoring is to use check noise
levels in the vicinity of the project site against the
background levels and plan the activities accordingly
without affecting the communities. |
| 2. |
Parameters to be monitored |
Hourly noise levels for 24 hours
|
| 3. |
Sampling Methodology |
The noise levels should be recorded using a portable
hand-held noise level meter.
|
| 4. |
No. of Locations |
Two Locations
- Along the NH 49 from Rameswaram to Dhanuskodi
- Rameswaram
|
| 5. |
Frequency of Measurements |
Once in a fortnight |
| 6. |
Compliance |
The monitoring result should be
compared with the National Ambient Noise Standards.
|
Top
Monitoring program for the Operation Phase
Marine Water Quality
|
1. |
Objective of Monitoring
|
The objective of marine water quality monitoring is to list
out the changes in the water quality during the project
operation phase.
|
|
2. |
Parameters to be monitored
|
Physical Properties: pH, EC,
Salinity, Temperature, Turbidity, TSS
Chemical Properties: DO, BOD, COD, Oil & Grease,
Nutrients, Sulphates, Chlorides
Heavy Metals: Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn, Cd, Cr, Hg
Bacteriological parameters: Coliform count
Marine Biology:
Phytoplankton and Zooplankton |
|
3. |
Sampling Methodology |
Marine Water should be collected using
a bottom sampler (Nishkin Sampler). On-site tests such as
pH, DO, Temp., EC, Turbidity should be carried out
immediately after the sample collection. The samples
intended for chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological
analysis should be suitably preserved with necessary
reagents.
The plankton samples should be collected using plankton net
of diameter of 0.35 m, No.25 mesh size 63 µ. The plankton
net should be towed for 15 minutes at the sampling locations
for collection of samples for estimation of Phytoplankton
and Zooplankton. |
|
4.
|
Locations / Frequency of Measurements (during dredging
operations only)
|
First Level
6 Locations covering the Dredging Zones
& Disposal Locations ( Palk Bay, North of Adams Bridge & GoM). The
monitoring will be on continuous with a sampling interval of
4 hours. The monitoring will be carried out during the
maintenance dredging period. |
|
Second Level
4 Locations in Gulf of Mannar Biosphere. The monitoring will
be on continuous with a sampling interval of 8 hours. The
monitoring will be carried out during the
maintenance-dredging period. |
|
Third Level
2 Locations around the nearest GoM Island. The monitoring
will be on continuous with a sampling frequency of 1
sample/day. The monitoring will be carried out during the
maintenance dredging period. |
|
5.
|
Compliance |
The tested samples should be compared with the primary water
quality standards framed by Central Pollution Control Board
and also with other relevant guidelines to assess the
compliance during the entire phase of the construction
activities.
|
Top
Sediment Quality Monitoring
|
1. |
Objective of Monitoring |
The objective of the sediment quality monitoring is to asses
the changes in the sediment quality during the operation
phase of the project.
|
|
2. |
Parameters to be monitored |
Physico-Chemical Properties: pH,
Organic Matter, nutrients, Oil and Grease
Heavy Metals: Fe, Mn Cd, Ni, Cr, Hg, Zn and Pb
Benthic Communities:
Macro & Micro Benthic flora and Fauna |
|
3. |
Sampling Methodology |
Marine sediment should be collected using a Peterson’s Grab
Sampler. The collected sediment should be segregated on the
site for analysis of physico-chemical parameters, heavy
metals and benthic communities. The sediment sample for
benthic communities should be subjected to sieving to record
the macro benthos and then the samples should be preserved
with Rose Bengal and Formalin Solution for further analysis
of Benthic communities.
|
|
4.
|
Locations / Frequency fo Measurements( during dredging
operations only)
|
First Level
6 Locations covering the Dredging
Zones & Disposal Locations (Palk Bay, North
of Adams Bridge & GoM).
The monitoring will be on continuous with a sampling
interval of 4 hours. The monitoring will be carried out
during the maintenance-dredging period. |
|
Second Level
4 Locations in Gulf of Mannar
Biosphere. The monitoring will be on continuous with a
sampling interval of 8 hours. The monitoring will be carried
out during the maintenance-dredging period. |
|
Third Level
2 Locations around the nearest GoM Island. The monitoring
will be on continuous with a sampling frequency of 1
sample/day. The monitoring will be carried out during the
maintenance-dredging period. |
|
5.
|
Compliance |
At present, there are no standards for sediment quality in
India. However, there should not be marked variations in the
sediment quality during the entire construction phase.
|
Top
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
| 1. |
Objective |
The ambient air quality monitoring should be carried out
with an objective to plan the activities involved in the
implementation phase in line with the ambient air quality
status with an aim to protect the adjoining communities from
air pollution. |
| 2. |
Parameters to be monitored |
Suspended particulate Matteer (SPM)
Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM)
Sulphur Dioxide(SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen(NOX)
Carbon Monoxide(CO)
Hydrocarbons(HC)
|
| 3. |
Sampling Methodology |
The air quality monitoring should be conducted using
Respirable Dust Samplers. CO will be collected by Peroxide
tube method or by portable CO meter. HC should be collected
in Mylar Bags
|
| 4. |
No. of Locations |
Three
Locations |
| 5. |
Frequency of Measurements |
Once in a season (Summer, Premonsoon & Post monsoon)
|
| 6. |
Compliance |
The monitoring results should be compared with the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards.
|
Top
Noise Level Monitoring
| 1. |
Objective |
The objective of noise level monitoring is to use check
noise levels in the vicinity of the project site against the
background levels and plan the activities accordingly
without affecting the communities. |
| 2. |
Parameters to be monitored |
Hourly noise levels for 24 hours |
| 3. |
Sampling Methodology |
The noise levels should be recorded using a portable
hand-held noise level meter
|
| 4. |
No. of Locations |
Three Locations |
| 5. |
Frequency of Measurements |
Once in a season (Summer, premonsoon & Post monsoon)
|
| 6. |
Compliance |
The monitoring results should be compared with the National
Ambient Noise Standards.
|
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